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- Using the program Titrate
-
- The purpose of titrate is to provide the introductory
- chemistry student with practice in doing acid/base titrations of
- various types. Simulated reactions can be run in a fraction of
- the time as conventional methods, although hands on experience for
- at least one titration in the laboratory is recommended. The
- program will provide the student with practice in doing the
- calculations involved in doing titrations. Students will be
- presented with a code display which corresponds to a predetermined
- concentration of unknown acid or base. The student will determine
- the equivalence point for four different reactions both graphically
- and by using various acid/base indicators.
- See the lab that accompanies the registered program for more
- information.
-
- Installing titrate on you hard drive.
- To install titrate on your hard drive type and enter the word
- install at the dos prompt when you are in the directory where the
- titrate files are contained. A directory called c:\titrate will
- be created and all files will be transferred to that directory.
- As an alternative use the dos copy command to copy all files to a
- directory of your choice.
- To show the titrate icon on Program Manager in Windows select
- the program group you want to contain the icon. Select New from
- the File menu of Program Manager. Program item should be chosen.
- The name of the program is Titrate and the command line is
- c:\titrate\titrate.exe. Double click on the icon to start the
- program.
-
- Advantages of registering:
- When you register (see register.doc) you will receive a
- registered copy of titrate and a lab for student use. Registration
- costs $10 + $2 shipping and handling. This fee entitles you to a
- site license for the program and a copy of a lab which can be used
- with the program.
-
- Using the program:
-
- Titration Menu:
-
- Strong Acid/Strong Base...F2
- When this menu item is chosen a titration analyzing HCl using
- NaOH as the titrant will be presented to the user. The addition
- rate is controlled by using the scroll bar at the lower left of the
- screen. Adjust the scroll bar by clicking on the thumb control or
- the arrows on the scroll bar with the mouse. The left and right
- arrow keys will also change the rate of base addition. When you
- are ready to begin the titration press the Home key. The titration
- may be stopped momentarily by pressing the End key. It may be
- repeated by clicking on the Repeat menu item at the top of the
- screen.
- It is suggested that the first run be done using a high
- addition rate so that the approximate volume required for
- neutralization can be determined. The reaction can then be
- repeated by choosing the Repeat menu item . Use a slow addition
- rate (0.01 ml is best) when close to the equivalence point so that
- the exact volume which causes a color change can be determined.
- The concentration of HCl is determined by the display code given
- at the beginning of the titration. See the lab accompanying the
- registered version of titrate for the meaning of the codes.
-
- Strong Acid/Weak Base...F3
- When this menu item is chosen a titration analyzing HCl using
- NH3 as the titrant will be presented to the user. The addition
- rate is controlled by using the scroll bar at the lower left of the
- screen. Adjust the scroll bar by clicking on the thumb control or
- the arrows on the scroll bar with the mouse. The left and right
- arrow keys will also change the rate of base addition. When you
- are ready to begin the titration press the Home key. The titration
- may be stopped momentarily by pressing the End key. It may be
- repeated by clicking on the Repeat menu item at the top of the
- screen.
- It is suggested that the first run be done using a high
- addition rate so that the approximate volume required for
- neutralization can be determined. The reaction can then be
- repeated by choosing the Repeat menu item . Use a slow addition
- rate (0.01 ml is best) when close to the equivalence point so that
- the exact volume which causes a color change can be determined.
- The concentration of HCl is determined by the display code given
- at the beginning of the titration. See the lab accompanying the
- registered version of titrate for the meaning of the codes.
-
- Weak Acid/Strong Base...F4
- When this menu item is chosen a titration analyzing HC2H3O2
- using NaOH as the titrant will be presented to the user. The
- addition rate is controlled by using the scroll bar at the lower
- left of the screen. Adjust the scroll bar by clicking on the thumb
- control or the arrows on the scroll bar with the mouse. The left
- and right arrow keys will also change the rate of base addition.
- When you are ready to begin the titration press the Home key. The
- titration may be stopped momentarily by pressing the End key. It
- may be repeated by clicking on the Repeat menu item at the top of
- the screen.
- It is suggested that the first run be done using a high
- addition rate so that the approximate volume required for
- neutralization can be determined. The reaction can then be
- repeated by choosing the Repeat menu item . Use a slow addition
- rate (0.01 ml is best) when close to the equivalence point so that
- the exact volume which causes a color change can be determined.
- The concentration of HCl is determined by the display code given
- at the beginning of the titration. See the lab accompanying the
- registered version of titrate for the meaning of the codes.
-
- Weak Diprotic/Strong Base...F5
- When this menu item is chosen a titration analyzing H2C2O4
- using NaOH as the titrant will be presented to the user. The
- addition rate is controlled by using the scroll bar at the lower
- left of the screen. Adjust the scroll bar by clicking on the thumb
- control or the arrows on the scroll bar with the mouse. The left
- and right arrow keys will also change the rate of base addition.
- When you are ready to begin the titration press the Home key. The
- titration may be stopped momentarily by pressing the End key. It
- may be repeated by clicking on the Repeat menu item at the top of
- the screen.
- It is suggested that the first run be done using a high
- addition rate so that the approximate volume required for
- neutralization can be determined. The reaction can then be
- repeated by choosing the Repeat menu item . Use a slow addition
- rate (0.01 ml is best) when close to the equivalence point so that
- the exact volume which causes a color change can be determined.
- The concentration of HCl is determined by the display code given
- at the beginning of the titration. See the lab accompanying the
- registered version of titrate for the meaning of the codes.
-
- Exit Alt-X. Press Alt-X or choose from the Titration menu.
-
- Titration menu:
-
- Display codes
- Will display the code used to determine the acid
- concentration. The code will be a letter and will correspond to
- a predetermined concentration.
-
- Starting the Reaction
- Pressing the Home key will start the titration if there is an
- addition rate larger than zero. To change the addition rate click
- on the scroll bar at the lower right hand corner of the screen with
- the mouse and move the thumb control. The left and right arrow
- keys can also control the addition rate.
-
- Stopping the reaction
- To stop the titration temporarily press the End key. Any
- necessary data that needs to be recorded at this time can be
- recorded. To start the reaction again press the Home key.
-
- If you have any problems my E-Mail address is
- ALLENT@mail.firn.edu
-
- Timothy J. Allen
-
- DISCLAIMER
- ----------
-
- THE TITRATE TITRATION PROGRAM IS SOLD "AS IS" AND WITHOUT
- WARRANTIES AS TO PERFORMANCE OR ANY OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER
- EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. BECAUSE OF THE VARIOUS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
- ENVIRONMENTS INTO WHICH THIS PROGRAM MAY BE PUT, NO WARRANTY OF
- FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IS OFFERED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- AUTHOR OF THIS SOFTWARE BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR
- CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM THE USE OF THE THIS PROGRAM.
- IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS' LIABILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES EVER
- EXCEED THE PRICE PAID FOR THE LICENSE TO USE THE SOFTWARE,
- REGARDLESS OF THE FORM OF CLAIM. THE PERSON USING THE SOFTWARE
- BEARS ALL RISKS AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE.
- THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED AND ENFORCED IN ACCORDANCE WITH
- THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA.